17 Signs and Symptoms of Menopause: What to Expect
Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but it can start earlier or later for some women. Menopause is officially diagnosed when a woman has gone 12 months without a menstrual period. During this transition, women may experience a variety of physical and emotional symptoms due to hormonal changes.
Author: Dr. Daniel Sørli
Date: 07.08.2024
Understanding these symptoms can help women manage the transition more effectively. Here is a detailed look at 17 signs and symptoms of menopause, including common first signs and the more severe and unusual symptoms that can occur.
Early & First Signs of the Menopause
1. Irregular Periods
Description: As menopause approaches, changes in menstrual cycle regularity are typically among the first noticeable signs. Women may experience longer or shorter cycles, with variations in flow intensity, which can range from very light to unusually heavy bleeding. This irregularity is primarily caused by fluctuating levels of oestrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
Management: While irregular periods are expected during perimenopause, it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider if bleeding is excessively heavy, lasts longer than usual, or occurs between periods, as these can be signs of other health issues.
2. Hot Flashes
Description: Hot flashes are sudden sensations of intense warmth, usually felt most strongly over the face, neck, and chest, which can last from a few seconds to several minutes. These episodes may be accompanied by redness, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat, and they can occur multiple times throughout the day and night.
Management: To manage hot flashes, identify and avoid triggers such as hot beverages, spicy foods, alcohol, and stress. Layering clothing and using fans or air conditioning can also help. For more severe cases, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other medications may be recommended by a healthcare provider.
3. Mood Changes
Description: Emotional changes during menopause are common due to hormonal shifts that affect brain chemistry. Women may experience mood swings, increased irritability, anxiety, or depression. The unpredictability of mood changes can be challenging to manage and can affect personal and professional relationships.
Management: Regular physical activity, relaxation techniques, and a balanced diet can help stabilise mood. If emotional symptoms are severe or persistent, it may be beneficial to seek counselling or medical advice to explore treatment options, including antidepressants or hormone therapy.
Worse or more Severe Symptoms
4. Severe Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
Description: Night sweats are intense hot flashes that occur during sleep, leading to excessive sweating and disrupted rest. These can be particularly debilitating, as they often cause frequent awakenings and result in chronic sleep deprivation.
Management: To alleviate night sweats, maintain a cool sleeping environment, use breathable bedding, and avoid alcohol and caffeine before bed. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can also be effective in improving sleep quality and managing menopausal symptoms.
5. Sleep Disturbances
Description: Sleep disturbances during menopause can include insomnia, frequent awakenings, and waking up too early. These issues can exacerbate other symptoms, such as fatigue, irritability, and cognitive difficulties.
Management: Establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a relaxing bedtime ritual, and ensuring a comfortable sleep environment are essential. In some cases, sleep aids or melatonin supplements may be recommended to improve sleep quality.
6. Mood Swings and Depression
Description: Severe mood swings and depression during menopause can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. These emotional symptoms may be more pronounced in women with a history of mood disorders.
Management: Professional support through counselling or therapy can be beneficial. Medication, such as antidepressants or hormone therapy, may also be prescribed to help manage severe mood symptoms.
7. Vaginal Dryness and Discomfort
Description: Declining oestrogen levels can lead to changes in the vaginal lining, causing dryness, thinning, and inflammation. This can result in discomfort, itching, and pain during intercourse, which can affect intimacy and relationships.
Management: Over-the-counter vaginal lubricants and moisturisers can provide relief. For more severe symptoms, oestrogen therapy (in the form of creams, tablets, or rings) may be recommended to restore moisture and elasticity.
Common Menopause Symptoms
8. Decreased Libido
Description: A decline in sexual interest and desire is common during menopause and can be influenced by physical changes, emotional factors, and relationship dynamics. Vaginal dryness, mood changes, and fatigue can all contribute to a decreased libido.
Management: Open communication with a partner about changes in sexual desire and exploring ways to maintain intimacy are important. Medical treatments, including hormone therapy and medications designed to increase libido, may also be considered.
9. Weight Gain and Slowed Metabolism
Description: Many women experience weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, during menopause. This change is often due to hormonal shifts that affect metabolism and body composition, leading to increased fat storage.
Management: To manage weight gain, focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, while limiting processed foods and sugars. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic exercise and strength training, can help maintain a healthy weight and metabolism.
10. Thinning Hair and Skin Changes
Description: As oestrogen levels decline, women may notice changes in their hair and skin. Hair may become thinner, more brittle, and may shed more easily. Skin may lose elasticity and moisture, leading to dryness and wrinkles.
Management: Using gentle, hydrating shampoos and conditioners can help improve hair health. For skin care, moisturisers, and products containing antioxidants and retinoids can help maintain elasticity and hydration. Staying hydrated and protecting skin from sun damage are also important.
11. Memory Problems and Difficulty Concentrating
Description: Cognitive changes, often referred to as "brain fog," can occur during menopause, including forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms are usually temporary but can be frustrating.
Management: Engaging in activities that stimulate the brain, such as puzzles and reading, can support cognitive function. Adequate sleep, a healthy diet, and regular exercise can also help improve concentration and memory.
12. Joint Pain and Stiffness
Description: Hormonal changes during menopause can affect the body's inflammatory processes, leading to joint pain and stiffness. This symptom can impact daily activities and overall mobility.
Management: Regular exercise, particularly activities that focus on flexibility and strength, can help alleviate joint pain. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints, and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications can provide relief when necessary.
Unusual Symptoms
13. Heart Palpitations
Description: Some women experience heart palpitations during menopause, characterised by a feeling of the heart racing or skipping beats. While often harmless, they can be alarming.
Management: Managing stress through relaxation techniques and avoiding caffeine and stimulants can help reduce palpitations. If palpitations are frequent or accompanied by other symptoms like dizziness or chest pain, medical evaluation is essential.
14. Headaches and Migraines
Description: Hormonal fluctuations can trigger headaches or migraines in some women, especially those with a history of migraines. These headaches can vary in intensity and duration.
Management: Keeping a headache diary can help identify triggers. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, stress management techniques, and medications specifically for migraine relief.
15. Bone Density Loss
Description: The decline in oestrogen during menopause can lead to a decrease in bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. This process can begin in the early stages of menopause.
Management: To maintain bone health, ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking and strength training, can also help preserve bone density. In some cases, medications to strengthen bones may be prescribed.
16. Increased Risk of Chronic Conditions
Description: Menopause is associated with an increased risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Hormonal changes can affect cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity.
Management: Regular check-ups and screenings for cardiovascular health and diabetes are important. Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking, can help reduce these risks.
17. Urinary Changes
Description: Some women experience urinary changes during menopause, such as increased frequency, urgency, or a higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections. These changes can be uncomfortable and disruptive.
Management: Strengthening pelvic floor muscles through exercises like Kegels can help improve bladder control. Staying hydrated and practising good hygiene can help prevent infections. In some cases, medical treatments may be necessary.
Conclusion
Understanding the range of symptoms associated with menopause, from the early signs to the more severe and unusual symptoms, is necessary for managing this transition effectively. By recognising the impact of hormonal changes and adopting proactive measures, women can deal with menopause with greater ease and maintain a high quality of life. Consulting with healthcare providers to explore treatment options and support can help further during this stage of life.
How Dr Dropin Can Help with Menopause and Women's Health
At Dr Dropin, we understand that menopause can be a challenging transition for many women, and we are committed to providing support and care tailored to your individual needs. Our clinic in Fulham, London, offers quick and easy access to private doctors who specialise in women's health and menopause management. We provide a comfortable and welcoming environment where you can discuss your symptoms and concerns.