Alopecia areata

Created: 09.01.2025

Updated 09.01.2025

Approved by: Consultant Dermatologist, Dr James Denny

What is Alopecia areata?

Androgenetic alopecia, commonly known as male or female pattern baldness, is a genetic condition characterised by progressive hair thinning and loss. It is primarily influenced by hormones known as androgens, which affect hair growth cycles. This condition can occur in both men and women, though it typically presents differently based on sex. In men, it often leads to a receding hairline and balding at the crown, while in women, it usually results in diffuse thinning across the scalp.

What are the Symptoms?

The primary symptom of androgenetic alopecia is gradual hair thinning, which may begin as early as the late teens or early twenties in men and later in women. In men, this often starts with a receding hairline and thinning at the crown, leading to bald patches. In women, thinning tends to be more diffuse, with overall reduced hair volume, particularly at the top of the head, though the hairline typically remains intact.

What are the Treatments?

While there is no cure for androgenetic alopecia, treatments aim to slow down hair loss and encourage regrowth. Minoxidil, a topical solution, is commonly used to stimulate hair growth and is available over-the-counter in topical form. In some cases, oral medications like finasteride or dutasteride, which inhibit the hormone DHT (a key factor in hair loss), may be prescribed for men. Hair transplant surgery is another option for restoring hair in more advanced stages. Additionally, low-level laser therapy may help promote hair growth.

What is the Prognosis?

The prognosis for androgenetic alopecia varies depending on the individual and the effectiveness of treatment. While treatments can help manage hair loss, the condition is progressive and may continue over time. In men, hair loss can lead to significant balding, while women often experience more diffuse thinning. Though treatments can help slow progression and restore some hair, they typically cannot completely reverse the condition. Early intervention may provide the best outcomes for managing symptoms.