Alopecia areata

Created: 09.01.2025

Updated 09.01.2025

Approved by: Consultant Dermatologist, Dr James Denny

What is Alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata usually starts with a few areas of hair loss a few centimetres in diameter, which increase in size over a few weeks. It can occur on the top of the head, on the face or anywhere else on the body. More than half of people with alopecia areata regain their hair within a year, but relapse is common. Some remain partially hairless for several years.

What are the symptoms?

The primary symptom of alopecia areata is sudden, patchy hair loss, often in small, round spots. It can affect the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other body hair. In some cases, the nails may also show changes, such as pitting or ridges. The condition usually does not cause pain or scarring but can lead to emotional distress due to its visible nature.

What are the treatments?

There is no cure for alopecia areata, but treatments aim to stimulate hair regrowth and manage symptoms. Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and encourage hair growth. Other treatments include topical minoxidil, topical, injected and oral corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and biologic medications that modulate the immune response. In some cases, hair regrows on its own without treatment.

What is the Prognosis?

The prognosis for alopecia areata varies. Some people experience complete regrowth of hair, while others may have ongoing cycles of hair loss and regrowth. The condition can be unpredictable, with hair regrowth taking months to years or in some cases, never occurring. Though not physically harmful, the condition can affect a person’s emotional well-being, and ongoing management may be needed for some individuals.