Epidermoid cysts

Created: 09.01.2025

Updated 09.01.2025

Approved by: Consultant Dermatologist, Dr James Denny

What are Epidermoid Cysts?

Epidermoid cysts are closed sacs filled with fluid. They can form almost anywhere in the body. Whilst cysts are harmless and usually easy to remove, some may be more difficult to remove especially if they are large, symptomatic or in sensitive areas. Sometimes you can get them in the outer layer of the skin called "epidermis" where they occur in areas with a lot of sebaceous glands. This is why they most often occur on the scalp, face and upper body. They can also penetrate deeper tissues if they become large. This can cause a painful inflammation where a lot of pus often forms.

Why do you get cysts?

Common causes include blockages in sebaceous glands, often due to the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells. Infections, either bacterial or fungal, can also lead to cyst formation, particularly in areas where the skin is irritated or injured. Hormonal changes, like those during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may also increase the likelihood of cysts, as hormones can stimulate sebaceous glands. Chronic skin conditions like acne or folliculitis, as well as physical trauma or injury to the skin, can lead to cysts forming as the tissue heals. Additionally, foreign objects or chronic inflammation can cause cysts to develop under the skin. Finally, genetic factors, such as conditions like Gardner's syndrome, can predispose individuals to developing multiple cysts.

What are the treatments?

Treatment is frequently sought for cosmetic reasons or because the cyst causes discomfort or pain. Additionally, cysts often persist without treatment and may occasionally become irritated or form hard nodules. Draining a cyst provides temporary relief, but it may recur unless completely surgically removed.

The removal of the cyst involves either draining the fluid or surgically excising the cyst. This procedure is regularly performed by our Dermatologists in the clinic.