Squamous cell carcinoma

Created: 09.01.2025

Updated 09.01.2025

Approved by: Consultant Dermatologist, Dr James Denny

What is a Squamous cell carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 20% of skin cancer cases in Northern Europe, making it the second most common type of skin cancer in this area. It is an aggressive type of skin cancer, and early treatment is recommended. Untreated, the condition can lead to serious problems. It is important to take precautions in the sun to reduce the risk of developing SCC. Wear a hat and sunscreen, and avoid using sunbeds. Familiarise yourself with your skin's normal appearance so you can effectively report any changes to your doctor, as early detection and treatment are key

What are the symptoms?

Look for hard, red bumps, sores or non-healing areas with a scaly/flaky edge. It usually develops in areas of the body that are exposed and damaged by the sun, but it can occur anywhere, even inside your mouth and skin under clothing.

What are the treatments?

Treatment varies based on lesion type, size, depth, and location, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Surgery, often under local anaesthesia, is typically the preferred method. This can involve excising the SCC with a margin of healthy skin and closing the wound with stitches and maybe a skin graft. In some cases, less invasive techniques like cryotherapy or curettage and cautery are sufficient for superficial lesions. Mohs surgery is considered the gold standard, especially for complex cases, minimising healthy tissue removal while ensuring complete cancer excision.

What is the prognosis?

The vast majority of patients are cured, but it is important to make the diagnosis and start treatment early. Delays in diagnosis see rates of metastasis as high as 2% and as many as 10% of people diagnosed, not living longer than 5 years.